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  LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES
A Global Strategic Business Report

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Lubricating Oils & Greases in Millions of Gallons. The major Product segments analyzed are Automotive Lubricants (Engine Oils & Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids), Industrial Lubricants (General Industrial Oils, Industrial Engine Oils, Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, & Process Oils), Synthetic Lubricants, and Greases. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2001 through 2015. A ten-year historic analysis is also provided for these markets with annual market analytics. The report profiles 383 companies including many key and niche players worldwide such as BP PLC, BP Lubricants USA, Inc., BP Petco Ltd., Chevron Corporation., Conoco Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corporation., Esso S.A.F., Fuchs Petrolub AG, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., LUKOIL Oil Company, Nippon Oil Corporation, Petroleos de Venezuela S.A., PT PERTAMINA, PT Wiraswasta Gemilang, Repsol YPF SA, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, SOPUS Products, Sinopec Corporation, Total S.A, and Valvoline. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources.

CODE:    MCP-2757  PAGES:    867
PRICE:    $4450  DATE:       March 2008
COMPANIES:  383  MARKET DATA TABLES:   286
Due to the proprietary nature, our previews are offered only to manufacturers, top-tier management consultants, investment banks, and investment research groups.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS  
  LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES (Complete Report) Pages : 867   | $4450
I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS5$100
   Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations.....I-1  
   Disclaimers.....I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level.....I-2
  
   Quantitative Techniques & Analytics.....I-3
Product Definitions and Scope of Study.....I-3
Product Segments.....I-3
  
   Automotive Lubricants.....I-4
Engine Oil.....I-4
Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids.....I-4
Industrial Lubricants.....I-4
General Industrial Oil.....I-4
  
   Industrial Engine Oils.....I-5
Marine Lubricants.....I-5
Metal Working Oils.....I-5
Process Oils.....I-5
Synthetic Lubricants.....I-5
Greases.....I-5
  
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY133$2450
  1. Industry Overview.....II-18 $1200  
   Lubricating Oil & Grease Industry – A Brief Summary.....II-1
Table 1: World Lubricants Market (2005): Per Capita Consumption of Lubricants in Kilogram/Annum (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1
1$350
   Table 2: World Grease Market (2005 & 2006): Grease Production in Million Pounds by Region/Country – North America, China, Europe, Japan, India, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-2

Table 3: World Grease Market (2004): Percentage Breakdown of Volume Production by Type – Lithium Soap Grease, Calcium Soap Grease, Aluminum Soap Grease, Polyurea, Sodium Soap Grease, and Other Greases (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-2

Table 4: World Lubricating Oils Market (2005 & 2006): Imports (containing more than 70% by weight petroleum products) in US$ ‘000 by Select Country – South Africa, Singapore, Egypt, France, USA, UAE, Malaysia, UK, Kenya, and India (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-2
1$350
   Table 5: World Lubricating Oils Market (2005 & 2006): Imports (containing more than 70% by weight petroleum products) in Tons by Select Country – South Africa, Singapore, Egypt, UAE, Malaysia, France, India, Kenya, USA, and UK (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-3

Table 6: World Lubricating Grease Market (2005 & 2006): Imports (containing more than 70% by weight petroleum products) in US$ ‘000 by Select Country – South Africa, India, Belgium, USA, and Germany (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-3

Table 7: World Lubricating Grease Market (2005 & 2006): Imports (containing more than 70% by weight petroleum products) in Tons by Select Country – South Africa, India, Belgium, Germany, and USA (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-3
Expansion & Contraction Syndrome.....II-3
1$350
   Entry Barriers.....II-4
The Industry – In Hands of Regulatory Bodies.....II-4
1$100
   Industrial Vs Automotive Lubricants.....II-5
Lubricant Oil Additives – Redefining the Market.....II-5
Shrinking Appetites for Additives.....II-5
1$100
   Outlook.....II-6
Key Determinants of Base Oil Supply.....II-6
1$100
   Table 8: World Lubricants Market (2006-2010): Base Oil Capacity (in Million Metric Tons) by Type – Group I Base Oil, Group II Base Oil, and Group III Base Oil (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-7

Table 9: World Lubricants Market (2005, 2010 & 2015): Percentage Breakdown of Volume Demand for Base Oils by Category – Group I, Group II/II+, Naphthenic, Group III/GTL, and Non-Petroleum (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-7
1$350
   Table 10: World Lubricants Market (2005 & 2010): Percentage Breakdown of Base Oil Volume Demand by Region – Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-8
1$350
  2. Global Market Analysis.....II-91 $100  
   Analysis by Regional.....II-9
Analysis by Segment.....II-9
1$100
  3. Market Trends.....II-104 $400  
   Consolidation – A Market Winning Strategy.....II-10
Asia-Pacific and Latin America: High Potential Markets.....II-10
Asia-Pacific.....II-10
Central & South America.....II-10
Do-It-For-Me Against Do-It-Yourself.....II-10
1$100
   Self-Lubricating Systems – Threat to Conventional Lubricating Oils and
  Greases.....II-11
Unconventional Oils – Making Significant In-Roads.....II-11
Synthetic Lubricants.....II-11
Biodegradable Lubricants – A New Technology Trend.....II-11
1$100
   Advantages.....II-12
Limitations.....II-12
Recycling – Making a Killing Over Virgin Oils.....II-12
1$100
   Other Factors Affecting Consumption.....II-13
Synthetic Oils: Growth Hinges Upon Consumer Education.....II-13
Online Sales – The New Frontier for Lubricants Industry.....II-13
1$100
  4. Competitive Structure.....II-147 $700  
   Geographic Thrust.....II-14
Table 11: Leading Players in the Global Lubricants Market (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron, PetroChina, Total, Sinopec, Lukoil, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-14

Table 12: Leading Players in the Global Lubricants Market (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Exxon Mobil, Shell, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, PetroChina, Lubrizol and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-14
1$350
   Regional Players Ruling the Roost.....II-15
Competitive Analysis of Specific Geographic Regions.....II-15
Competitive Factors.....II-15
Pricing.....II-15
Lube World – Where Reducing Prices Might Boomerang.....II-15
1$100
   Consumer Behavior Towards Pricing.....II-16
Too Many Brands in the Market Pressurize Distributors and Retailers.....II-16
Brand Equity and Marketing Philosophy.....II-16
Distribution Network Plays a Pivotal Role.....II-16
1$100
   Product Differentiation – Value of the Brand.....II-17
Service Differentiation.....II-17
Corporate Philosophy.....II-17
Specific Competitive Strategies for Greasing Success.....II-17
1$100
   Myths & Realities of Lube Industry.....II-18
Size does Matter.....II-18
Myth.....II-18
Reality.....II-18
Competitive Pressures.....II-18
Myth.....II-18
Reality.....II-18
Unsustainable Market Share.....II-18
Myth.....II-18
1$100
   Reality.....II-19
A Historic Review.....II-19
Industry Composition in the 1990s.....II-19
Automotive.....II-19
1$100
   Industrial.....II-20
Marine Lubricants.....II-20
Table 13: Top of the Mind Share for Castrol Brand Worldwide – Mid 90s (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-20
1$350
  5. Product Overview.....II-2114 $900  
   Composition of Lubricants.....II-21
Base stock.....II-21
1$100
   An Insight into Select Type of Base Oils and their Characteristics.....II-22
Additives.....II-22
A Peek into the Classification of Additives Based on Functionality.....II-22
1$100
   Additives Generally Used in Lubricants.....II-23
Functions of Lubricant Oils.....II-23
Important Terminology Used in Lubricating Oils and Greases Industry.....II-23
1$100
   Classification of Lubricating Oils and Greases.....II-24
Automotive Lubricants.....II-24
1$100
   Specifications, Testing, and Legislative Directions for Lubricants.....II-25
API – Classification of Base Oils.....II-25
Classification of Automotive Oils.....II-25
Engine Oil.....II-25
Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids.....II-25
1$100
   Industrial Lubricants.....II-26
Advantages Offered by Lubricants in Industrial Applications.....II-26
Types of Industrial Fluids.....II-26
Micro-dispersions.....II-26
1$100
   Fluid Lubricants.....II-27
Solid Lubricants.....II-27
EP Lubricants.....II-27
Composition of Industrial Lubricants.....II-27
Classification of Industrial Lubricants.....II-27
General Industrial Oil.....II-27
Hydraulic Oil.....II-27
1$100
   Classification of Hydraulic Oils Based on Performance Level (As per ISO6743/4
  Specifications).....II-28
Fire Resistant Fluids.....II-28
1$100
   Industrial Gear Oil.....II-29
AGMA Numbering System for Gear Oil.....II-29
Others.....II-29
Industrial Engine Oils.....II-29
Marine Lubricants.....II-29
1$100
   Metalworking Fluids.....II-30
Classes of Metalworking fluid.....II-30
Straight Oil.....II-30
Soluble Oils.....II-30
Semi-Synthetic Fluids.....II-30
Synthetic Fluids.....II-30
Process Oils.....II-30
Electrical Oils.....II-30
Functions of Electrical Oils.....II-30
1$100
   The Regulatory Authorities Involved.....II-31
White Oils.....II-31
Ink Oils.....II-31
Synthetic Oils.....II-31
Medical Devices – A Highly Specialized Application for Synthetic Lubricants.....II-31
1$100
   Advantages of Synthetic Lubricants.....II-32
Synthetic Lubricant Industry.....II-32
Tier - I.....II-32
Tier - II.....II-32
Tier - III.....II-32
1$100
   Greases.....II-33
Composition of Greases.....II-33
1$100
   Classification of Greases by National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI).....II-34
1$100
  6. End-Use Analysis.....II-352 $200  
   Retail and Commercial Market.....II-35
Retail .....II-35
Commercial.....II-35
Industrial Market.....II-35
1$100
   Factory Fill – An Important Distribution Channel.....II-36
Storage of Lubricants in Industrial Environment – A Crucial Factor.....II-36
Marine and Railroad.....II-36
1$100
  7. Consumption Patterns in Lubricants Industry.....II-372 $200  
   Lubricants Industry Vs Economy – Missing Positive Correlation.....II-37
Drift in Industrial Activity Towards Non-Manufacturing Sectors.....II-37
Technology Impacting the Industry.....II-37
Lower Crankcase Capacities.....II-37
Tighter Engine Designs – Tightening the Grip Over Lubes Usage.....II-37
1$100
   Drain Intervals – Draining the Prospects for Lubes.....II-38
1$100
  8. Technological Trends.....II-393 $300  
   New Technologies: Making Significant In-Roads.....II-39
Chevron’s Gusher Technology Sets the Tone for Lubricant Markets.....II-39
Chevron’s Isomerization Process for Motor Oils.....II-39
Substitutes.....II-39
Niod-2: Anti-Friction Powder.....II-39
Lubricating Oil from Rice Bran Oil.....II-39
1$100
   DuPont’s Soybean Based Hydraulic Fluids.....II-40
Recycling Lubes: Undoing the Done.....II-40
Oil Refresher Model 1 System – A Novel Way to Recycle Waste Oil.....II-40
1$100
   CANPED – An Advanced Recycling Technology for Waste Lubricating Oils.....II-41
Firebird’s Recycling Process for Waste Oils.....II-41
Greenways Recycling System.....II-41
1$100
  9. Product Innovations/Introductions.....II-4212 $700  
   Total Introduces New 'Heewaal' Lubricant .....II-42
Aegean Introduces New Lubricant Line .....II-42
AMC Introduces Biodegradable Hammer Oil.....II-42
Petronas Forays into Japanese Lubricants Market.....II-42
1$100
   Conoil Launches New Lubricant, Quatro Gazol .....II-43
Shell Malaysia Launches Helix Lubricants.....II-43
Federal-Mogul Corporation Introduces a New Line of Additives and Lubricants .....II-43
1$100
   Anderol Launches FG Excel™ .....II-44
ExxonMobil Aviation Lubricants Introduces Mobilgrease 33.....II-44
Indian Oil Ties Up with HMT to Introduce Co-Branded Lubricant .....II-44
Shell Introduces New Diesel Engine Oil.....II-44
1$100
   Castrol India Unveils Magnatec.....II-45
ExxonMobil Introduces Pegasus 1005.....II-45
ExxonMobil Launches Mobil 1 High Mileage.....II-45
Anderol Launches ROYCO 800 Series Lubricants.....II-45
1$100
   Shell Introduces New Synthetic Grease, Shell Stamina HDS .....II-46
Kluber Lubrication Introduces Kluberfood NH1 87-703 Hygienic Grease .....II-46
Old World Launches New Line of PEAK Lubricants .....II-46
ITW ROCOL Introduces Accu-Lube LB-2000FM.....II-46
Nanochem to Introduce NANOIL™ .....II-46
1$100
   Shell Lubricants Introduces Shell Cassida Fluid GLE .....II-47
Petro-Canada Launches Purity FG with Microl.....II-47
Castrol to Launch New CJ-4 Lubricants .....II-47
ExxonMobil to Launch Mobil Delvac 1300 Super 15W-40 Formulation.....II-47
1$100
   Total Uganda Introduces New Diesel Engine Oil .....II-48
ExxonMobil Launches New Turbine Lubricant .....II-48
Petron Unveils Lubricants in Cambodia.....II-48
Castrol India Launches EDGE.....II-48
1$100
   Hindustan Petroleum Unveils Milcy Turbo Lubricant.....II-49
ExxonMobil Launches Mobilgear 600 XP Series for Industrial Gearboxes.....II-49
BP Launches New Castrol Tection Extra.....II-49
BP Launches New Castrol Hypuron™.....II-49
1$100
   Federal Process Corporation Rolls Out Lube-it All® .....II-50
Kluber Launches STABURAGS® Greases Line.....II-50
Shell Introduces Tellus T and Tellus STX Hydraulic Oils .....II-50
1$100
   Castrol Rolls Out Enhanced Version of Magnaglide D .....II-51
Lubrizol Releases New Additives in Lubrizol 30000 Series .....II-51
TVS Motor Offers Engine Oil for Four-stroke Two-wheelers.....II-51
SKF Develops Solid Oil Technology for Lubricants.....II-51
PT Castrol Indonesia Unveils 4T Lubricant Oil.....II-51
1$100
   Dow Corning Rolls Out Molykote™ Bearing Grease.....II-52
Rotary Lubrication Releases New Line of Lubricants.....II-52
BP Lubricants Americas Launches Castrol Pyroplex Protection ES.....II-52
Citgo Releases OverDrive HD Grease .....II-52
ExxonMobil Introduces Mobilgrease FM 220.....II-52
1$100
   Afton Chemical Launches Tractor Hydraulic Fluid Additive.....II-53
1$100
  10. Recent Industry Activity.....II-5421 $1000  
   IOC Receives License to Produce Lubricants in Sri Lanka.....II-54
IFT Signs Agreement with Nulon.....II-54
Lubrizol to Set Up Manufacturing Facility in Shanghai .....II-54
Petronas Ties Up with FL Selenia .....II-54
SK Engineering Bags Contract to Build Lube-oil Plant.....II-54
1$100
   China National Offshore Oil to Launch Several Projects in Guangdong Province.....II-55
Shell to Set Up a Lubricant Blending Facility in Zhuhai.....II-55
Napocor Signs Contract with Pilipinas Shell.....II-55
Idemitsu to Increase the Capacity of the Tianjin Plant.....II-55
1$100
   Shell Increases Capacity of Plants in Thailand.....II-56
Gazprom Neft Establishes Gazpromneft Marine Bunker.....II-56
Jadwa to Acquire 30% Stake in Luberef .....II-56
Lubrizol Acquires Refrigeration Lubricant Business of Croda .....II-56
1$100
   Agecom to Expand Production Capacity of Ipero Plant.....II-57
Chemtura Acquires Kaufman Holdings .....II-57
Petronas to Acquire FL Selenia .....II-57
Nippon Oil to Collaborate with SK Corp.....II-57
1$100
   ExxonMobil Enhances SpectraSyn™ Polyalphaolefins Production.....II-58
Petroplus to Acquire Two Refineries in France .....II-58
PetroLiance Takes Over AV Lubricants.....II-58
Advance Petroleum Services Acquires Petrolube .....II-58
CHS Acquires Liquid Lubricants Business of Nor-Lakes and Farm-Oyl.....II-58
1$100
   Fuchs Petrolub Acquires Two Businesses in Brazil.....II-59
IEAM Takes Over Hi-Tach Oil.....II-59
Petrobras and its Partners Acquire Ipiranga Group.....II-59
Haas TCM Acquires Kemfast Aerospace .....II-59
1$100
   United Fuel to Acquire Reamax Oil.....II-60
EMTA Holdings Acquires Automotive Lubricant Manufacturer.....II-60
Maxum Takes Over Distribution Company and Blending Plant .....II-60
1$100
   McPherson Acquires BP’s Lubricants Distribution Facility.....II-61
Telko Acquires Molub-Alloy.....II-61
Bharat Petroleum to Divest 49% Stake in Bharat Shell .....II-61
Martin Acquires Mega Lubricants .....II-61
1$100
   Lubrizol Acquires the Metalworking Additive Portfolio of Lockhart .....II-62
Shell to Increase its Lubricant Blending Capacity in Singapore.....II-62
Universal Lubricants Joins Hands with Sepahan Oil.....II-62
Nippon Oil Signs Distribution Agreement with Chrysan Industries.....II-62
1$100
   Kaman Inks Distribution Agreement with Klüber.....II-63
Shell Augments Lubricating Oil and Grease Production Capacity in Thailand.....II-63
Yushiro Chemical to Establish New Metalworking Oil Plant in China.....II-63
Motul Buys 30% Share in Vietnam Lubricants.....II-63
ENI to Enter Indian Lubricant Market with Technology Transfer Agreement .....II-63
1$100
   Lanxess Chemicals Constructs Lubricant Additives Facility in China.....II-64
OAO LukOil Signs Technology and Supply Agreement with OOO Gaz Group.....II-64
Punjab Tractors Limited Enters into Joint Venture with Veedol.....II-64
Clyvia Technology Signs Processing Agreement with Heitzer Tankschutz & Mineralole
  .....II-64
Shell China Forms Alliance with Chongqing Chang' an Suzuki.....II-64
Savita Chemicals Inks Agreements with Idemitsu.....II-64
Shougang Signs Agreement with Sinopec and PetroChina.....II-64
1$100
   Nippon Commences Lube Production in Guangzhou.....II-65
Sah Petroleums to Increase the Blending Capacity of Industrial Lubricant.....II-65
Idemitsu Kosan Establishes a Subsidiary in India .....II-65
Petronas Penapisan to Build Oil Refinery in Malaysia .....II-65
Shell Acquires 75% Stake in Tongyi .....II-65
1$100
   BG Products to Expand Operations in El Dorado .....II-66
Turcas Signs Agreement with Shell to Form a Joint Venture.....II-66
Indian Oil and Gabriel India to Market Co-Branded Oil .....II-66
ExxonMobil Signs Agreements to Expand Distribution Network .....II-66
1$100
   OOO LLK-International and OAO Naftan Forms Joint Venture .....II-67
Indian Oil Inks Agreement with Timken.....II-67
Tri-Country Acquires Thomas Oil.....II-67
Growmark Completes the Acquisition of McCollister.....II-67
1$100
   SPI Completes the Acquisition of McLain.....II-68
Hollingsworth Acquires Shell’s Lubricant Distribution Center in Tennessee.....II-68
Atlantis Acquires Automotive Chemicals and Lubricant Business of Daks
  Industries.....II-68
Industrial Enterprises Acquires Pitt Penn.....II-68
1$100
   Shell to Acquire Croda’s Rolling Fluid and Production Engineering Operations.....II-69
GoldenWest Acquires Prolong .....II-69
Graco Completes Acquisition of Lubriquip.....II-69
Valvoline Acquires Buis Oil.....II-69
1$100
   SKF Completes Acquisition of Crane Lubrication Systems.....II-70
ExxonMobil Distributors Merge to Form PetroLiance.....II-70
ExxonMobil Plans to Divest Interests in Lubricants Businesses in Africa .....II-70
1$100
   United Fuel Acquires Ackerly Oil.....II-71
Gramercy Advisors Acquires Stake in Prista Oil .....II-71
SPI Petroleum Acquires Canyon State Oil.....II-71
Omni Alliance Takes Over EMTA.....II-71
Greif Takes Over Delta Petroleum.....II-71
Panama Petrochem Signs Agreement with Petronas.....II-71
Total France Acquires Shell’s Pacific Operations.....II-71
1$100
   Pinnacle Oil Signs Agreement with Marathon Oil.....II-72
Schwing Stetter India Enters into Agreement with Bharat Shell.....II-72
OAO LukOil Signs Agreement with OAO Avtovaz.....II-72
Uniqema Acquires BP’s Icematic Refrigeration Lubricants Product Portfolio.....II-72
AXEL Acquires Christol Grease Through Share Purchase Agreement.....II-72
Bharat Petroleum Corp. Set Up Base Oil Plant.....II-72
Pinnacle Oil Creates New Subsidiary.....II-72
Cognis Starts Polyol Ester Refrigeration Lubricants Production Plant.....II-72
1$100
   Valvoline Opens First Instant Oil Change Outlet in China.....II-73
Shell Divests Oil Business in French Guyana and Antilles .....II-73
LUKOIL-AERO Acquires Fuel Service Complex .....II-73
Indian Oil and Ashok Leyland Enter into a Contract.....II-73
1$100
   Lukoil Acquires Oy Teboil and Suomen Petrooli.....II-74
Total and Lubrifin Form Joint Venture.....II-74
BP Amoco and ExxonMobil to Demerge Mobil-BP Amoco Joint Venture.....II-74
Green Star Products Enters into Joint Venture with NRG Resources.....II-74
Sotrans Expands Production Capacity.....II-74
1$100
  11. Focus on Select Global Players.....II-755 $300  
   BP Plc (UK).....II-75
BP Lubricants USA, Inc. (USA).....II-75
BP Petco Ltd. (Vietnam).....II-75
Chevron Corporation (USA).....II-75
1$100
   Conoco Lubricants (USA).....II-76
ExxonMobil Corporation (USA).....II-76
Esso S.A.F. (France).....II-76
Fuchs Petrolub AG (Germany).....II-76
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. (Japan).....II-76
1$100
   Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (India).....II-77
LUKOIL Oil Company (Russia).....II-77
Nippon Oil Corporation (Japan).....II-77
Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) (Venezuela).....II-77
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) (Indonesia).....II-77
1$100
   PT Wiraswasta Gemilang (Indonesia).....II-78
Repsol YPF SA (Spain).....II-78
Royal Dutch Shell Plc (The Netherlands).....II-78
SOPUS Products (USA).....II-78
Sinopec Corporation (China).....II-78
Total S.A (France).....II-78
1$100
   Valvoline (USA).....II-79
1$100
  12. Global Market Perspective.....II-80   
   Table 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-801$350
   Table 15: World Long-term Projections for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-811$350
   Table 16: World Historic Review for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-821$350
   Table 17: World 20-Year Perspective for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-831$350
   Table 18: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Automotive Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-841$350
   Table 19: World Long-term Projections for Automotive Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-851$350
   Table 20: World Historic Review for Automotive Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-861$350
   Table 21: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Automotive Lubricants by Product Segment – Engine Oils, and Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-87

Table 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Automotive Lubricants by Product Segment – Engine Oils, and Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-87
1$350
   Table 23: World Historic Review for Automotive Lubricants by Product Segment – Engine Oils, and Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-881$350
   Table 24: World 20-Year Perspective for Automotive Lubricants by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-89

Table 25: World 20-Year Perspective for Automotive Lubricants by Product Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for Engine Oils, and Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 .....II-89
1$350
   Table 26: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-901$350
   Table 27: World Long-term Projections for Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-911$350
   Table 28: World Historic Review for Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-921$350
   Table 29: World 20-Year Perspective for Engine Oils by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-931$350
   Table 30: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-941$350
   Table 31: World Long-term Projections for Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-951$350
   Table 32: World Historic Review for Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-961$350
   Table 33: World 20-Year Perspective for Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-971$350
   Table 34: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-981$350
   Table 35: World Long-term Projections for Industrial Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-991$350
   Table 36: World Historic Review for Industrial Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1001$350
   Table 37: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Lubricants by Product Segment – General Industrial Oils, Industrial Engine Oils, Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oil Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1011$350
   Table 38: World Long-term Projections for Industrial Lubricants by Product Segment – General Industrial Oils, Industrial Engine Oils, Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oil Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1021$350
   Table 39: World Historic Review for Industrial Lubricants by Product Segment – General Industrial Oils, Industrial Engine Oils, Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oil Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1031$350
   Table 40: World 20-Year Perspective for Industrial Lubricants by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1041$350
   Table 41: World 20-Year Perspective for Industrial Lubricants by Product Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for General Industrial Oils, Industrial Engine Oils, Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oil Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1051$350
   Table 42: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for General Industrial Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1061$350
   Table 43: World Long-term Projections for General Industrial Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1071$350
   Table 44: World Historic Review for General Industrial Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1081$350
   Table 45: World 20-Year Perspective for General Industrial Oils by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1091$350
   Table 46: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1101$350
   Table 47: World Long-term Projections for Industrial Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1111$350
   Table 48: World Historic Review for Industrial Engine Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1121$350
   Table 49: World 20-Year Perspective for Industrial Engine Oils by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1131$350
   Table 50: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Marine Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1141$350
   Table 51: World Long-term Projections for Marine Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1151$350
   Table 52: World Historic Review for Marine Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1161$350
   Table 53: World 20-Year Perspective for Marine Lubricants by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1171$350
   Table 54: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Metal Working Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1181$350
   Table 55: World Long-term Projections for Metal Working Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1191$350
   Table 56: World Historic Review for Metal Working Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1201$350
   Table 57: World 20-Year Perspective for Metal Working Oils by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1211$350
   Table 58: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Process Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1221$350
   Table 59: World Long-term Projections for Process Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1231$350
   Table 60: World Historic Review for Process Oils by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1241$350
   Table 61: World 20-Year Perspective for Process Oils by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1251$350
   Table 62: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Synthetic Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, & Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1261$350
   Table 63: World Long-term Projections for Synthetic Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1271$350
   Table 64: World Historic Review for Synthetic Lubricants by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1281$350
   Table 65: World 20-Year Perspective for Synthetic Lubricants by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1291$350
   Table 66: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1301$350
   Table 67: World Long-term Projections for Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1311$350
   Table 68: World Historic Review for Greases by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1321$350
   Table 69: World 20-Year Perspective for Greases by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin American Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....II-1331$350
III. MARKET143$2150
  1. The United States.....III-120 $1250  
   A. Market Analysis.....III-1
Current and Future Analysis.....III-1
Market Overview.....III-1
Table 70: Leading Players in the US Finished Lubricants Market (2005): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, CITGO, ConocoPhillips, Ashland, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-1
1$200
   Table 71: Leading Motor Oil Brands in the US (2004 & 2005): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Pennzoil, Quaker State, Castrol, Valvoline, ExxonMobil, Shell, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-2
Distribution Channels.....III-2
1$200
   Environmental Concerns – Ups the Stake of Vegetable Oils in Lubricants.....III-3
Factors Affecting Industrial Lubricants Market.....III-3
1$75
   Key Statistics.....III-4
Table 72: Lube Market in the US (2000-2007): Lubricants Supplied, Imported, Exported, and Produced in Thousand Barrels (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-4

Table 73: Lubricating Preparations Market in the US (2004-2006): Exports (with 70% or more petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ Million by Select Country – Indonesia, Canada, Mexico, China, Germany, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-4
1$200
   Table 74: Lubricating Preparations Market in the US (2004-2006): Exports (without petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ Million by Select Country – Canada, Mexico, China, Netherlands, Singapore, Belgium, Japan, Australia, Germany, and Hong Kong (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-51$200
   Table 75: Lubricating Preparations Market in the US (2004-2006): Imports (with 70% or more petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ Million by Select Country – Canada, Germany, UK, Japan, France, Mexico, Italy, Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-61$200
   Table 76: Lubricating Preparations Market in the US (2004-2006): Imports (without petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ Million by Select Country – France, Germany, Japan, Canada, Italy, UK, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, and Mexico (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-7

Table 77: Yellow Grease Market in the US (2003-2006): Exports in Metric Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-7
1$200
   Product Launches/Developments.....III-81$75
   Strategic Corporate Developments.....III-96$325
   Key Players.....III-15
BP Lubricants USA, Inc......III-15
1$75
   Chevron Corporation.....III-16
Conoco Lubricants.....III-16
ExxonMobil Corporation.....III-16
SOPUS Products.....III-16
Valvoline.....III-16
1$75
   B. Market Analysis.....III-17
Table 78: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Product Group/ Segment – Automotive Lubricants {Engine Oils [Monograded, Multigraded], Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids [Automatic Transmission Fluids, Universal Tractors (Hydraulic/ Transmission), Energy/Shock Absorbers, Power Steering, Automotive Gear Oils, and Others]}, Industrial Lubricants {General Industrial Oils [Hydraulic Oils, Fire-Resistant Oils, Industrial Gear Oils, and Others], Industrial Engine Oils [Railroad Diesel and Natural Gas], Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oils}, Synthetic Lubricants, and Greases Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-17
1$200
   Table 79: US Long-term Projections for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Product Group/Segment – Automotive Lubricants {Engine Oils [Monograded, Multigraded], Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids [Automatic Transmission Fluids, Universal Tractors (Hydraulic/ Transmission), Energy/Shock Absorbers, Power Steering, Automotive Gear Oils, and Others]}, Industrial Lubricants {General Industrial Oils [Hydraulic Oils, Fire-Resistant Oils, Industrial Gear Oils, and Others], Industrial Engine Oils [Railroad Diesel and Natural Gas], Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oils}, Synthetic Lubricants, and Greases Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-181$200
   Table 80: US Historic Review for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Product Group/Segment – Automotive Lubricants {Engine Oils [Monograded, Multigraded], Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids [Automatic Transmission Fluids, Universal Tractors (Hydraulic/ Transmission), Energy/Shock Absorbers, Power Steering, Automotive Gear Oils, and Others]}, Industrial Lubricants {General Industrial Oils [Hydraulic Oils, Fire-Resistant Oils, Industrial Gear Oils, and Others], Industrial Engine Oils [Railroad Diesel and Natural Gas], Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oils}, Synthetic Lubricants, and Greases Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Million Gallons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-191$200
   Table 81: US 20-Year Perspective for Lubricating Oils & Greases by Product Group/Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for Automotive Lubricants {Engine Oils [Monograded, Multigraded], Transmission & Hydraulic Fluids [Automatic Transmission Fluids, Universal Tractors (Hydraulic/ Transmission), Energy/Shock Absorbers, Power Steering, Automotive Gear Oils, and Others]}, Industrial Lubricants {General Industrial Oils [Hydraulic Oils, Fire-Resistant Oils, Industrial Gear Oils, and Others], Industrial Engine Oils [Railroad Diesel and Natural Gas], Marine Lubricants, Metal Working Oils, and Process Oils}, Synthetic Lubricants, and Greases Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-20
1$200
  2. Canada.....III-217 $825  
   A. Market Analysis.....III-21
Current and Future Analysis.....III-21
Export-Import Scenario.....III-21
Table 82: Lubricating Preparations Market in Canada (2004-2006): Exports (without petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ ‘000 by Select Country – USA, UK, Australia, China, Thailand, Chile, Singapore, Japan, Cuba, and Mexico (includes corresponding Graph/Chart).....III-21
1$200
   Table 83: Lubricating Preparations Market in Canada (2004-2006): Exports (with 70% or more petroleum oils, for automotive and other uses) in US$ ‘000 by Select Country – USA, Tha